- DRKblade3
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- Honorable Member
1. Fragmentation Grenade. commonly known as a "frag", is an anti personnel weapon that is designed to disperse shrapnel upon exploding. The body is made of hard plastic or steel. Flechettes, notched wire, ball bearings or the case itself provide the fragments. These grenades were sometimes classed as defensive grenades because the effective casualty radius of some matched or exceeded the distance they could be thrown, thus necessitating them being thrown from behind cover. The Mills bomb or F1 grenade are examples of defensive grenades where the 30 to 45m casualty radius matched or exceeded the 30m that a grenade could reasonably be thrown. Modern fragmentation grenades such as the United States M67 grenade have a wounding radius of 15m and can be thrown about 40m. Fragments may travel more than 200m.
2. Concussion Grenade. The concussion grenade is an anti personnel device that is designed to damage its target with explosive power alone. Compared to fragmentation grenades, the explosive filler is usually of a greater weight and volume. The case is far thinner and is designed to fragment as little as possible. The overpressure produced by this grenade when used in enclosed areas is greater than that produced by the fragmentation grenade. Therefore, it is especially effective in enclosed areas.These grenades are usually classed as offensive weapons because the effective casualty radius is smaller than the distance it can be thrown. The concussion effect is more lethal than fragmentation, but it's power drops more rapidly with range as well.The US MK3A2 concussion grenade is filled with TNT and has a body made of tarred cardboard.The term concussion is often erroneously applied to stun grenades. This is not descriptive of the effects caused by the grenade. The term concussion is used because the grenade relies on its explosive power to create casualties.
3. Percussion Gernade. A percussion grenade detonates upon impact with the target. Timed fuse grenades are generally preferred to hand-thrown percussion grenades because their fuzing mechanisms are safer and more robust than those used in percussion grenades. Some percussion grenades have a conventional pyrotechnic fuse fitted as a backup detonation device.
4. HC Gernade, Smoke. Smoke grenades are used as ground to ground or ground to air signaling devices, target or landing zone marking devices, and screening devices for unit movement. The body is a sheet steel cylinder with emission holes in the top and bottom. These allow the smoke to be released when the grenade is ignited. Two main types exist, colored smoke, for signaling, and screening smoke. In colored smoke grenades, the filler consists of 250 to 350 grams of colored smoke mixture, mostly potassium chlorate, lactose and a dye. Screening smoke grenades usually contain HC, hexachloroethane, smoke mixture or TA, terephthalic acid, smoke mixture. HC smoke is harmful to breathe, since it contains hydrochloric acid.
5. Gas Gernade, Riot Control. Tear gas grenades are similar to smoke grenades in terms of shape and operation. In tear gas grenades the filler is generally 80 to 120 grams of CS gas combined with a pyrotechnic composition which burns to generate an aerosol of CS laden smoke. This causes extreme irritation to the eyes and, if inhaled, to the nose and throat. Occasionally CR gas is used instead of CS.
6. Incendiary grenade, Moltov Cocktail. Incendiary grenades, or thermite grenades, produce intense heat by means of a chemical reaction. The body is practically the same as that of a smoke grenade. The filler is 600 to 800 grams of thermate, which is an improved version of World War II era thermite. The chemical reaction that produces the heat is called a thermite reaction. In this reaction, powdered aluminium metal and iron oxide react to produce a stream of molten iron and aluminium oxide. This reaction produces a tremendous amount of heat, burning at 3,992 F. This makes incendiary grenades useful for destroying weapons caches, artillery, and vehicles. Other advantages include its ability to function without an external oxygen source, allowing it to burn underwater. Because they are not intended to be thrown, thermate incendiary grenades generally have a shorter delay fuse than other grenades e.g. two seconds. A common improvised incendiary grenade is the Molotov cocktail.
7. White phosphorus. White phosphorus can also be used as an incendiary agent. It burns at a temperature of 5000 F. Thermite and white phosphorus cause some of the worst and most painful burn injuries because they burn so quickly and at such a high temperature. In addition, white phosphorus is very poisonous, a dose of 50 to 100 milligrams is lethal to the average human.
8. Stun Gernade, Flash Bang. A stun grenade is a nonlethal weapon. These grenades are used to temporally neutralize the combat effectiveness of enemies by usually disorienting their senses. IDF stun grenade, The flash of light momentarily activates all light sensitive cells in the eye, making vision impossible for approximately five seconds until the eye restores itself to its normal, unstimulated state. The incredibly loud blast produced by the grenade adds to its incapacitating properties by disturbing the fluid in the ear.
When detonated, the fuse grenade body assembly remains intact. The body is a tube with holes along the sides which allow a explosion of light and sound to be produced. This is done to avoid injury from shrapnel but it is still possible to be burned, and injuries resulting from the concussive blast of the detonation can occur, the heat created can ignite flammable materials such as fuel. The fires that occurred during the Iranian Embassy Siege in London were caused by stun grenades. The filler consists of about 4.5 grams of a pyrotechnic metal oxidant mix of magnesium or aluminium and an oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate.
9. Sting Gernade. Sting grenades, also called rubber ball grenades, are based on the design of the fragmentation grenade. Instead of using a metal casing to produce shrapnel, they are made using two spheres of hard rubber. Inside the smaller sphere is the explosive charge, primer, and detonator. The space between the two spheres is then filled with many small, hard rubber balls. Upon detonation, the subject is incapacitated by the blunt force of the projectiles. The subject is incapacitated, winded, or at the very least dislodged from cover. The advantages compared to a flashbang are that the subject does not need to be looking at the grenade for it to take full effect in outdoor areas. Sting grenades are much more likely to cause a subject to either fall or lower himself in pain, thus providing good sight lines to unaffected targets in the area. This makes sting grenades ideal for containing small groups of rowdy prisoners, providing a shooting opportunity when a suspect is hiding behind cover, or in allowing SWAT teams to clear small rooms.A disadvantage of using sting grenades is that they are not sure to incapacitate a subject, so they are dangerous to use with armed subjects. This is because sting grenades rely on the bodys reaction to adverse stimuli, pain and blunt force trauma, rather than denial of sensory input. A person with sufficient mental focus can concentrate enough to ignore being hit by a sting grenades payload, whereas a stun grenade will physically affect vision and sense of orientation. The effective range of a sting grenade is limited compared to a stun grenade. In addition, there is the risk of serious physical injury as the target is being pelted with actual objects capable of inflicting harm, and not just being deafened and blinded.
10. Breaching Charge, Door Charge. Breaching can be performed with a specially formed breaching charge placed in contact with the door, or with various standoff breaching devices, such as specialized rifle grenades like the SIMON breach grenade. Breaching using explosives is primarily an operation performed by highly trained explosives experts, such as combat engineers or sappers. Explosive breaching charges can range from highly focused methods, such as detcord, plastic explosives, or strip shaped charges that explosively cut through doors or latches, to large satchel charges, containing 20 pounds of C4, that can breach even reinforced concrete bunkers.